What is a home energy storage system?

Home energy storage is the storage of electrical energy for use when needed - also known as electrical energy storage products or “battery energy storage systems” (BESS), hereinafter referred to as home storage. The core component of a BESS is a rechargeable battery, typically a lithium-ion or lead-acid battery. The other components are the inverter, a control system that intelligently controls charging and discharging.
With energy storage in the average home, we can realize the concept of distributed generation, ease the pressure on grid transmission, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and is a necessary decentralization initiative to achieve carbon neutrality or zero-neutrality.
History of Development 
Before exploring home storage in detail, let's take a look at the history of the development of energy storage systems (ESS): 
As early as the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Department of Energy carried out the Energy Storage Systems Program, led by Sandia National Laboratories, to conduct research on how to stockpile nuclear energy. In the 1970s, as the U.S. faced a severe oil crisis, the focus of Sandia Labs' research shifted to renewable energy sources that could replace oil. In the 1980s, the U.S. Department of Energy further expanded Sandia Labs' research program to include exploratory battery development and testing while creating renewable energy sources. Sandia Labs has since taken on the exploration of energy storage programs. At that time, however, the energy storage concept was still national in scope and did not involve commercial or residential use.
In 1991, the program was upgraded to a grid battery energy storage program, and some testing of electrical energy storage facilities for commercial use was also begun. The International Lead-Zinc Organization (ILZO) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) were also involved in research during this period. By 1996, energy storage systems were taking shape and beginning to expand for commercial and residential use.
In terms of strategic opportunities for home energy storage, Europe and the United States are currently ahead of the domestic market, and their needs in terms of household PV penetration and power stability are more advanced, which is why the overseas home energy storage market is more mature than the domestic market, which is currently the priority market for the expansion of this brand of Huanew Power.
Benefits of home storage system: 
National level: 
Overcome transmission loss: power station to home transmission power loss is inevitable, especially in the population density of metropolitan areas, can not build a power station in its transmission loss is greater. However, if households are encouraged to generate and store electricity on their own, and external transmission is reduced, then transmission losses can be significantly reduced, and grid transmission efficiency can be realized.
Grid support: Household energy storage can greatly relieve grid pressure if it is connected to the grid and the surplus power from household generation is fed into the grid: 1) to provide power supply response during peak hours, which can reduce the use of inefficient diesel power generation; and 2) to use an industrial frequency that matches the local grid, such as 50Hz or 60Hz. 
Reducing the use of fossil energy sources: Households can greatly increase the efficiency of their use of electricity if they store their own power generation The use of fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil and diesel will be phased out.
At the household level: 
Reduced energy bills: Households that generate and store their own electricity can dramatically reduce their use of electricity from the grid.
Avoid peak tariffs: Batteries can be used to store electricity during low peak periods and discharge it during peak periods.
Realize power independence: Families will store solar power generation during the day and use it at night, while sudden power outages can also be used as a backup power source.
Shortcomings of Home Storage Systems: 
Environmental Impact of Batteries: Early home storage systems generally used lead-acid batteries, which have the advantage of being highly recyclable - 99% of lead-acid batteries in the U.S. are recyclable. However, the lead and sulfuric acid electrolytes in lead-acid batteries are extremely harmful to the environment. In addition, lead-acid batteries have a short lifespan and are gradually being replaced by lithium-ion batteries.
However, although lithium-ion batteries have a long service life, they are not recyclable (or are difficult to recycle), and some lithium-ion batteries contain nickel, cadmium, and manganese, which also pollute the environment.
Home level: 
High upfront cost: Batteries are expensive today, ranging from $400-700/kWh.
Complicated installation: some home storage systems have to be equipped with additional inverters, and smart monitoring devices.
Large footprint: the size of a system is around 500x250x700mm (not counting the solar panels), and at this stage, only single-family houses can meet the space requirements.